THE LIFE OF MAMMALS 
strictest sense of the word, for Peary found them upon the north- 
ernmost shores of Grantland and Greenland, and none wander 
even in midwinter farther south than the Arctic Circle; they are 
not found west of Cape Bathhurst, nor east of Fox Channel and 
Baffin Bay, nor on the west coast of Greenland, although 
frequenting the east coast south to about N. Lat. 70°. None 
now occurs anywhere in the Old World, but in Pleistocene 
times these animals 
inhabited Asia and 
Europe down to 
the east-and-west 
-mountain axis, and 
were hunted by the 
men of the early 
Stone Age; * and 
at a somewhat ear- 
ler time musk oxen, 
of extinct genera 
as well as species, 
roamed over this 
continent, as far 
Copynght, N. ¥. Zodl. Society. Sanborn, Phot. south as Kansas. 
GREENLAND MUSK OX AND CALF. These singular ani- 
mals have little resemblance to other ruminants except 
in the bisonlike head. “I gaze upon each living musk ox 
in captivity with a fecling of wonder, as if it were a 
creature from another world,” exclaims Hornaday,* who took 
a particular interest in them from the fact that in tg02 he 
had under his charge at the New York “Zoo” a female 
captured by Eskimo near Lady Franklin Bay, and brought 
around to San Francisco by a whaler; and also a calf 
brought from Fort Conger (Lat. 81°), Greenland (see illus- 
tration); neither lived out the year, nor have specimens 
brought to Europe long survived. 
266 
