THE LIFE OF MAMMALS 
Grounds, however, than near the arctic coast. The sport of 
hunting the musk ox, as depicted by Whitney," Pike, Russell, 
and others, appears to lie more in the satisfaction of having 
overcome tremendous hardships than in the actual killing, 
which resembles butchery. Without dogs it would be practi- 
cally impossible to get near them, at any rate in the Barren 
Grounds. 
The antelopes remain to be treated in the broad family 
Bovide, of which the cattle form one section, the sheep and 
Antelope goats a second, the musk ox a third, and the Anti- 
THe lopine a fourth. This group is the oldest and most 
gencralized of the family, dating from the Miocene, the frag- 
ments recovered indicating at first small, gazellclike animals, 
and later large ones with stout, somewhat twisted horns, In 
those days they were widely diffused over southern Europe and 
Asia, but seem never to have reached America, for our “ante- 
lope’’ belongs to another family. It is still one of the problems 
of zobdlogy to account for their disappearance from) Europe. 
Their introduction into Africa appears to have been compara- 
tively recent, but once established there they diversified and 
multiplicd in a manner unparalleled elsewhere, the total number 
of kinds of African antelopes now exceeding nincly. 
“Tt is exceedingly dificult,” writes Beddard,*” ‘to separate the ante- 
lopes from the sheep, oxen, and goats;” and paleontologists believe the 
latter are offshoots from an carly antelopelike stock." Mr. Beddard 
continues: ‘The term ‘antelcepe’ is rather of popular than of zodloyical 
significance, {Cis perhaps with the goats that the antclopes have the 
nearest affinities.” The foremost authorities on the group, Messrs. Thomas 
and Sclater, whose “Book of Antelopes,” “8 in four quarto volumes with 
magnificent colored plates, is a model of what a monograph of a group of 
animals ought to be, arrange the thirty-five recognized genera in the fol- 
lowing order: — 
First come the big bovine clands, the koodoos, nilgais, and 
“harnessed”? bush bucks. The cland is the greatest of African 
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