THE LIFE OF MAMMALS 
Oligocene epoch (White River beds), since subsequent to that time no re- 
mains have been found, nor anything traceable to them. 
About the same time there existed in North Africa an extraordinary 
relative, discovered in 1899 by Mr. Hugh Beadnell in the Fayum basin, 
Upper Egypt, and named Arsin- 
oétherium, after Queen Ar- 
sinoé, the wife of the wise King 
Ptolemy Philadelphus (B.c. 308—- 
247), who hada palace in what 
was then a fertile and populous 
region around Lake Moeris.1 
An outline of its skull is given 
herewith. In bulk and appear- 
TITANOTHERIUM ELATUM. ance of body it must have re- 
sembled the titanotheres, or the 
huge ancient rhinoceroses (its skull alone measures three feet in length), 
and bore two great cores of hollow bones side by side, which in life were 
probably covered with 
sheaths of horn, besides 
another small pair behind 
them. The teeth and feet 
are very different in struc- 
ture from those of either a 
titanothere or a rhinoceros, 
the teeth (44) forming an 
unbroken series, wonder- 
fully graduated. This side 
branch also proved a fail- 
ure, dying out and leaving 
no descendants. 
No species of the typi- 
cal genus (Rhinoceros) has 
been found in American 
rocks; but in Europe and 
SKULL OF AkSINOETHERIUM. 
Asia true rhinoceroses were numerous from Miocene times until the 
general glaciation of the North closed the career of so many mammalian 
races outside of the Tropics. All the American fossil representatives of 
the family were two-horned, like the modern African exiles, while single- 
horned fossil species occur, as now, only in the Orient. A notable and 
interesting one is the huge and very long-horned woolly or tichorine 
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