— 11 — 



3. Pure white salt around the lake Jugur Kul, Chhva. 

 July 15'" 1899: — 



NaCl 

 with MgSO^, ab. 3,7 per cL. 

 and MgClj, 1,4 — 



4. In the same place. Salt around and encrusting the 

 base of Salicornia plants: — 



MgSO^, ab. 21,so per ct. 

 NaCl, 76,0 — 



Na^SO^, 1,6 — 



5. Salt from a dried -up water-hole near Chodsheli, 

 Chiwa. July 26"' 1899. A salt-cake consisting of six strata 

 of colourless crystals lying one above another, and corre- 

 sponding somewhat to the mineral Astrakanit: — 



As will be seen, gypsum, glauber-salts, magnesium sul- 

 phate, carbonate of lime and common salt are the most fre- 

 quent salts. Their mode of occurence will be dealt with 

 later, especially in the chapter on salt-deserts. 



CHAPTER 3 



General Aspects of the Climate of Transcaspia. 



The climate is continental, the winter is cold and the 

 summer very hot. Kasalinsk has an annual range of almost 

 90° Centig. (+ 48° C. summer-maximum, — 40'' C. winter- 

 minimum) (ScHWARZ p. 576). The precipitation is slight. 



The winter is not very long, as a rule there is frost, not of 

 long duration, but hard. In 1886 Tashkent had 89 frosty 



