CONTENTS. 



Introduction 1 



Section I. Transcaspia and its natural conditions 3 



Chapter 1. Situation and boundary of the region examined ... 3 



Chapter 2. Features of the geology of Transcaspia 6 



Chapter 3. General aspects of the climate of Transcaspia .... 11 



Section II. The vegetation of the Transcaspian lowlands 18 



Chapter 4. Earlier literature 18 



Chapter 5. Classification of formations 43 



Chapter 6. The formation of the Salt-deserts 50 



Chapter 7. The formation of the Clay-deserts 56 



Chapter 8. The formation of the Stone-deserts 74 



Chapter 9. The formation of the Sand-deserts 77 



Chapter 10. The Riverside Thickets (Bushland) 109 



Chapter 11. Description of vegetation from selected localities . . 120 



Section III. Growth-forms 135 



Chapter 12. Plant-list and statistics 135 



Chapter 13. Descriptions of the growth-forms 173 



A. Fanerophytes 174 



B. Chamaephytes 215 



C. Hemicryptophytes 232 



D. Geophytes 237 



E. Therophytes 241 



Section IV. The flora of the Transcaspian lowlands 258 



Chapter 14. The elements of the flora 258 



