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known, a bulbous swelling at the base, and the resting buds 

 on this are well protected both against drought and cold. I 

 have always found the ears viviparous. Other grasses of 

 importance are: Apera interrupta, Trisetum Gaudinianum, Fes- 

 tiica ciliata, Nardurus teimifolius, Koeleria phleoides, Triticum 

 Aegilops and orientale, Agiopyriim squarrosum, Schismus nii- 

 nutus, Bromiis tectonim, oxyodon and Danthoniae, Hordeum 



Fig. 4. Semi-desert at Chawast N. E. of Samarkand. In tlie foreground 



half-withered leaf-rosettes of Ferula Asa foetida. Arlemisia sp. dominant, 



with Poa bulbosa, Haplopyllum lasianthum, Canim tiirkestanicum, Eremo- 



stachys labiosa. Month of May. 



crinitum and secalinum, Boissiera bromoides. All these grasses 

 are annuals, rather low-growing, scarcely a foot high, and 

 with flat leaves. 



The "flowering herbs" include a number of annuals. The 

 poppies first attract the eye: Roemeria rhoeadiflora, Papaver 

 arenaiium and pavoninum. Then one sees a great number of 

 Criiciferae [Malcolmia africann and Bungei, Alyssum margina- 

 tum and linifolium, Sisymbriiim-species, Goldbachia laevigata, 

 Leptaleum fdifolium, Cryptospora falcata, Euclidium syriacum, 

 Chorispora tenella); also Boragineae {Anchusa hispida, Arnebia 



