— 71 — 



These last include Frankenia puluerulenta, Crozophora 

 gracilis one of the low Euphorbiaceae with flat leaves densely 

 coated with haii-s, Carduus tenuiflorus, the fragrant Lachno- 

 phyllum gossypinum a Composite semi-rosette plant, and a 

 few other species. 



By far the greater majority of the annual summer 

 plants belong to the Chenopodiaceae. They are almost all suc- 

 culents and amongst them one can distinguish between various 

 types. The first type is the Thorny Leaf-Succulents whose 

 representatives {Salsola Kali, sogdiana, aperta, Androssowii) 

 have spiny pointed leaves with water-storing tissue in the 

 middle. The second type is the Thornless Leaf-Succu- 

 lents {Salsola crassa, lanata, species of Halanthium, Halimoc- 

 nemis macranthera, pilosa and villosa, Piptoptera turkestana, 

 Suceda &c.); these have succulent, often hairy cylindrical 

 thornless leaves which still retain their function as the most 

 important organs of assimilation. The third type, which I 

 propose to call Bracteole-Succulents, are characterised by 

 a distinct water-translocation (Burgerstein, Meschayeff) i. e. 

 the plants sacrifice certain of their own organs to support 

 the others, and in this case the foliage-leaves are drained of 

 water and wither, while the plants concentrate their vigour 

 on the inflorescence. Each floret of this is surrounded by 

 three spoon-shaped bracteoles, namely the subtending leaf 

 and two prophylls. These three organs are very succulent 

 with their outer layers developed as green tissue, and they, 

 with some assistance from the green stems, take the place 

 of foliage leaves in assimilation. At the same time they 

 protect the florets which sit squeezed in between them (see 

 fig. 8 and 78). 



The Bracteole-Succulents include Salsola incanescens, spissa 

 and sclerantha, Halimocnemis Karelini. 



These species are good examples of the type, and later 

 in the summer they show scarcely a single foliage-leaf. The 

 whole plant is beset with small globular bodies (the florets 

 and their bracteoles), so that they have a characteristic ap- 

 pearance (fig. 8). Fleshy bracteoles around the flower are also 

 frequent in the other types, but the appearance of the plants is 



