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broad, large leaves, bright green in colour and with two 

 spinous stipules at the base. According to Volkens (p. 97), 

 the leaves during summer acquire a coating of wax so that 

 they lose the bright green colour. I have not observed 

 this, but it may also take place in Transcaspia since my 

 opportunities for observing Capparis spinosa in summer were 

 few. The year-shoots are branched' The lower part only 

 is persistent and lignified, and it gradually increases in thick- 

 ness. The beautiful large white flowers are placed singly in 

 the leaf-axils; flowering begins in May and continues well 

 into July, perhaps longer. The fruit is a stout berry. 



The anatomy of the leaf has been illustrated by Volkens 

 (tab. IX, figures 1 — 2), and my Transcaspian material shows 

 the same structure. Some of the epidermal cells, however, 

 have a thickened inner wall (mucilage?) and I have not 

 observed that the palisade cells are arranged in groups round 

 the large thick-walled tracheids ("Speichertracheiden"). The 

 leaf is isolateral, with mesophyll consisting almost exclusively 

 of palisade cells. The stomata are slightly sunk. 



Hulthemia (Rosa) berberifolia Dum. 

 This species is likewise a clay soil plant with decumbent 

 shoots and broad leaves. The latter are dentate, hairy, 

 elliptical or spathulate, about 1 centimetre or rather more 

 in length, and closely set because the internodes are shorter 

 than the leaves, sometimes so short as to produce rosettes 

 on short-shoots. The stem bears many strong curved white 

 prickles as well as others which are thin and subulate. I 

 have only seen the plant in May when it carries large, 

 handsome, yellow flowers. The distal parts of the year- 

 shoots may die away, but whether this occurs always I 

 cannot say. No material was available for anatomical in- 

 vestigation. 



Haplophyllum obtusifolium Ldb. 

 This is a typical undershrub which occurs especially 

 on stationary sand. It is strongly branched but according 



