THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANESTHETICS 45 



Differences between the Administration of Cliloroform, 

 Ether, and A.C.E. Mixture. 



When desirous of using ether, either by the open method 

 or with the aid of an inhaler, air must be excluded to a 

 very much larger extent than when chloroform is chosen. 



The mixed vapour should consist of fully 70 per cent, of 

 ether, whereas with chloroform the proportion admitted even 

 for a large dog need not in the majority of cases be more 

 than I in 1,000, and for very j'oung animals and those of the 

 smaller and more delicate breeds i in 3,000 or i in 4,000 

 parts of air is not too small a percentage, especially at the 

 commencement. 



If using a wire muzzle and towel, the latter should be folded 

 two or three times after the anaesthetic has been put on it, and 

 the ether allowed to flow much more rapidly from the drop- 

 bottle or measure ; with an inhaler air must be excluded at 

 the end of the mask as much as possible, always, of course, at 

 the discretion of the anaesthetist. With this drug the stage 

 of excitement is longer, and that of ana;sthesia shorter, than 

 where chloroform is used. 



The A.C.E. mixture is particularly useful for small, delicate 

 dogs and cats. With it there is not so much risk of pro- 

 ducing dangerous symptoms as when chloroform alone is 

 used by an inexperienced auEesthetist, and the mixture does 

 not produce so much salivation as when ether alone is used ; 

 besides which, the stage of ansesthesia lasts longer, and that 

 of excitement is shorter, than when ether is used. It thus 

 occupies a middle place between chloroform and ether. 



Morphia. 



Morphia, as an adjunct to surgical work, is used to a 

 much greater extent on the Continent than in England. It 

 is classed as a narcotic rather than as an anesthetic, and 



