THE MALE GENERA TIVE ORGANS 275 



prepuce cannot be drawn over it. It may appear very 

 suddenly without any apparent cause, and, unless relieved, 

 exist for sufficient time to cause the end of the penis to 

 assume an alarming size and colour. Before resorting to 

 operative measures, the application of ice or refrigerant lotions 

 may be tried, attempts being made by gentle and steady 

 pressure of the balls of the two thumbs to induce the glans 

 to return, the fingers at the same time trying to raise the 

 prepuce at the sides so as to cover it. This generally succeeds, 

 but failing relief this way surgical measures must be 

 resorted to. 



Operations — i. Scarification. — This is done very lightly, 

 and in fact consists, more properly speaking, of a number 

 of small punctures with a needle or the point of a fine scalpel. 

 When this has been done, gentle pressure, as already described, 

 should again be tried. 



2. Incision of the Prepuce. — This is done with a sharp 

 scalpel or bistoury, but should only be performed when the 

 other operation has failed. 



Tumours of the Testis. 



A chronically enlarged condition of the testis is sometimes 

 seen in old dogs as the result of an orchitis. This condition 

 is usually traceable to some injury, and the testis attains a 

 certain size in a few days, after a period of rapid inflamma- 

 tion and acute pain. 



Of tumours, sarcoma and carcinoma are the most common 

 in this region, and they occur in testes which are retained 

 in the abdomen as well as those in the scrotum. Generally 

 to be seen in middle-aged or old dogs, they will grow to a 

 very large size within a few weeks, and the tumour will, 

 in time, displace the whole of the normal testicular tissue. 

 During their period of formation they sometimes cause acute 

 pain and cachexia. 



18—2 



