28o CANINE AND FELINE SURGERY 



It is worth while to note here that by the rules of the Kennel Club a 

 castrated dog, or one which has in any way been improperly tampered 

 with, is disqualified from competition, or from receiving a prize if 

 awarded. 



Cpyptorehids. 



Retention of the testicle is not at all of uncommon occur- 

 rence in the dog and cat, and when the term ' cryptorchid ' 

 is used it is understood that the animal to whom it is applied 

 has one, or perhaps both, hidden from view. 



If one is out of sight and the other present in the scrotum, 

 the animal is said to be a unilateral cryptorchid, or mon- 

 orchid ; if neither can be seen nor felt, the term bilateral 

 or double cryptorchid is applied. Amongst the agricultural 

 community such an animal is commonly spoken of as a ' rig.' 

 Occasionally a condition is met with in which no testes are, 

 or ever have been, present at all. Such an animal is 

 technically known as an ' anorchid.' 



Heredity. — There is no doubt that there is a hereditary 

 tendency for a cryptorchid sire to propagate males with a 

 like defect, although this is not of so much importance in 

 multiparous animals as in those, like the equine tribe, who 

 usually only have one at each birth. At the same time, it is 

 a point worth thinking about when considering the value of 

 a dog for stud purposes. It is highly probable, too, that 

 atavism plays some part in propagating the malformation, as 

 a bitch descended from a sire whose scrotum only possessed 

 one testicle is very likely to transmit that defect amongst a 

 certain proportion of her progeny, even although she has 

 been mated with a perfectly normal sire. 



Power of Procreation. — This is a point of the utmost im- 

 portance, and disputed opinions upon it have led to many 

 law cases in the canine world. The dispute usually arises 

 as to whether a dog possessing misplaced testicles is or is 

 not a stud dog. The author's experience is that when one 



