4. BiTfo. 305 



the eye and the nostril in the female. Upper parts with very pro- 

 minent, spinous, indistinctly porous warts; parotoids very prominent, 

 oval, oblique, rough ; lower surfaces covered with minute granules 

 intermixed with larger spinous ones. Uniform brown, lighter 

 beneath, immaculate or with indistinct spots. Male without vocal 

 sac. 



W. Africa. 



38. Bufo taitanus. 

 Bufo taitanus, Feters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1878, p. 208, pi. 2. f. 9. 



Crown without bony ridges ; snout rather prominent ; tympanum 

 hidden. Fingers and toes short, the latter shortly webbed^; two 

 small metatarsal tubercles ; no tarsal fold. Upper surfaces covered 

 with prominent warts ; parotoids ilat and elongate. Dark yellowish 

 brown, with irregular longitudinal and transverse black spots ; 

 limbs irregularly barred ; belly marbled and spotted with black. 



Taita, E. Africa. 



39. Bufo sikkimensis. 



Bombinator sikkimensis, Blyth, Journ. As. Soa. jctiii. p. 300. 

 Scutiger sikkimensis, Theohald, Cat. JRept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 83. 

 Bufo sikkimensis, Anders. Proo. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 204; StoUczJca, 

 Proc. As. Soc. 1874, p. 112. 



Crown without bony ridges ; snout short, rounded ; tympanum 

 hidden. Toes nearly half webbed. Upper surfaces covered with 

 small pointed tubercles ; parotoids small or moderate. Upper side of 

 back and limbs ashy or olive, with numerous more or less confluent 

 vinaceous brown spots ; parotoids and the large tubercles distinctly 

 reddish ; a few brown spots on the sides of the head ; below pale 

 yellowish throughout, iisually densely marbled with olive-brown. 

 Breeding male with two plate-like callosities on either side of the 

 thorax, thickly studded with minute dark-brown points ; inner 

 surface of the three inner fingers with similar rugosities. 



Himalayas. 



40. Bufo himalayanus. (Piate XX.) 

 Bufo melanostictus, var. himalayanus, Giinth. Hept. JSrit. Ind. p. 422. 



Physiognomy of B. vulgaris. Crown deeply concave, with low, 

 blunt supraorbital ridges ; snout short, blunt ; interorbital space 

 broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum very small, rather indis- 

 tinct. First finger not extending beyond second ; toes half or two- 

 thirds webbed, with simple subarticular tubercles ; two moderate 

 metatarsal tubercles ; no tarsal fold. The hind limb being carried 



X 



