14 DIPLOPAPPUS LINARIIFOL‘tUS.— SANDPAPER STAR-WORT. 
outer row of short, stiff bristles, the inner of capillary bristles as 
long as the disk florets; while in As/ex the pappus is single.” 
The fact is, this is one of those cases where general appearance 
suggests differences which science can scarcely find. Very few 
would take our present species for an Aster when first found. 
Its general resemblance is with the genus known as Diflopappus, 
but in this species the student will scarcely find the double pap- 
pus, the outer row being nearly wanting. In preparing our Fig. 
2, it was a point to show this, but it is so very small that without 
a larger diagram it cannot be seen. Our botanical text-books 
scarcely give a correct idea of the small size. Dr. Chapman 
merely says of all the genus, “pappus of capillary bristles in two 
rows, the outer row much shorter,” with nothing as to the length 
in this species. Dr. Gray in the “Manual” says the “ outer series 
’ 
is of very short, stiff bristles,’ and “very short bristles” in the 
“School Botany.” Professor Wood alone comes down to figures, 
and he tells us that the exterior pappus is “half a line long,” 
which is one twenty-fourth of an inch. It is a slender character 
to build a genus on, and which perhaps would not have been 
thought of in this connection only for the very different habit and 
appearance of the group from As/er in general, as already noted. 
Dr. Gray, indeed, classes it as Aster finariifolius in “ School 
Botany,” though he notes that this is “of the old botanists, but 
is strictly Diplopappus linarirfolius.” 
The name Diflopappus is from two Greek words—a7ploos, 
double, and fapfpus, an old man; the latter name in botany has 
been given to the usually gray hair-like crown which surmounts 
the seeds in so many compound flowers, and is especially like a 
gray head in the well-known Dandelion. In our Tig. 2 we see 
what is known as the “inner row” of the pappus, almost enclos- 
ing the floret, as the little flower is called. : 
As already noted by Dr. Gray, the plant was known as Aséter 
by the older botanists, and under this name it appears in Ray's 
Catalogue about the end of the seventeenth century as the “nar- 
row rosemary-leaved aster of Maryland,” that celebrated author 
