274 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY. 
location, and everyone familiar with the region knows that there 
are hundreds of woodsmen who are stagnating and degenerating 
in consequence of a lack of work. 
The fourth condition relates to the quantity and quality of the 
materials the region is capable of producing, and since I shall 
refer to this later under the head of Silvicultural Suggestions, it 
is sufficient to say in this connection that owing to its peculiar 
soil and climate South Jersey has and is still able to produce 
just those kinds of forest produce which are most in demand. 
The fifth condition relates to the possibility of the establish- 
ment of local industries which may consume the products of 
the forest or which may convert these products into less bulky 
and more salable form. 
When certain industries may be established within a region 
it is, of course, a great advantage in many ways. It increases 
the working population, the value of property and improves 
the standard of life. Labor is at the base of pleasure and intel- 
lectual development. 
At present large quantities of wood are supplied to glass and 
brick factories throughout South Jersey. The fuel question, 
however, is of little importance, and will always take care of 
itself in this country. In fact, even the woodsman, when he can 
afford it, will burn coal because of its convenience. 
The first industry which would flourish on the production of 
saw-stuff would be the saw-mill. And if only the increment is 
cut, as should always be the case, many small mills, instead of 
a few large ones, would result. The condition might be similar 
to that of parts of Germany where many small mills are con- 
stantly at work year after year cutting the well-earned incre- 
ment. ‘The big mill with its elaborate, costly equipment, work- 
ing with feverish excitement half the time and idle the rest, 
did not develop however in this country until after the timber 
resources of South Jersey were practically exhausted. Even in 
the great lumber districts the large mill, when our lumber 
resources have been exhausted to such an extent that these 
voracious monsters cannot be fed, will be replaced by smaller 
establishments which will for some time to come operate on the 
leavings and the young timber as rapidly as it becomes mer- 
chantable. ‘he time is not far distant when the great lumber 
