REPORT ON FORESTS. 277 
skill of the person who endeavors to apply it. These systems 
are, briefly, as follows: 
I. The selection system, which is especially adapted to uneven- 
aged or irregular protection forests. 
II. The system of clear cutting and then regenerating by 
planting with young trees or by sowing the seed, or by waiting 
until the wind sows it from an adjoining forest. 
Il. The system of regenerating pure even-aged forests natur- 
ally by uniformly and gradually thinning throughout, and 
admitting the light so that the seeds will germinate and the 
young growth properly develop.* 
IV. The coppice system, where the forest consists of species 
which will sprout from the stump or the root. 
There will probably be opportunity for the application of all 
of these systems in Southern Jersey. The following is a brief 
way of classifying these systems: 
Selective-cutting system, applica- 
ble to pure or mixed forests of un- 
even age. 
| Regeneration effected irregularly 
throughout the forest by the re- 
moval of single trees or small 
groups of trees. 
Clear-cutting system, applicable 
to pure or mixed forests of even or 
uneven age. 
Regen: ration by means of plant- 
ing young plants or cuttings or by 
sowing by hand or by natural sow- 
[ ing from adjoining woods 
Regeneration effected uniformly 
Successive-cutting system, appli- { throughout the farest by successive 
cable to pure woods of even age \ thinnings and: final complete re- 
moval of mother trees. 
Coppice system. 
Regeneration effected by stump- 
shoots and root suckers. 
If a party possesses woodland, even if sparsely stocked with 
inferior kinds, and cannot afford or may not desire to plant afresh 
with better species, but wishes to gradually improve it, the best 
system to apply is the selection method.| There are many large 
forest-owners in South Jersey who are able to employ a forester 
but who cannot afford the cost of extensive plantings. These 
*As early as 1736 this system had developed so far in Germany that three distinct cuttings were pre- 
scribed: First, when the seed had fallen and germinated; second, when the young trees reached the 
height of a man’s knees, and third, the mother trees were completely removed when the young trees had 
reached the height of a man. . 
{ Irregular forests to which this system is applied naturally suffer more from fire than regular forests. 
