REPORT ON FORESTS. 281 
in time be relegated, I shall describe here mainly those species of 
the second class. 
To the first class belong such trees as the white-pine, the 
white-oak, the swamp-white-oak (Quercus platanoides), the 
beech, the chestnut (Castanea dentata),* the black-walnut, the 
shagbark-hickory, the tulip tree, the white-ash, the sugar-maple, 
the basswood, the Douglas-spruce (Pseudotsuga taxtfolia), and 
the Norway-spruce (Picea excelsa). "To the second class belong 
such as the following: the short-leaf-pine (Pizus échinata), the 
red-cedar ( Juniperus virginiana), the white-cedar (Chamecyparis 
thyoides), the locust (Robznda pseudacacia), the cottonwood (Pop- 
ulus deltordes), etc. 
Others which may be classed as subsidiary sorts, and which, 
under certain circumstances, are worthy of encouragement, are 
chestnut-oak (Quercus prinus), sassafras, holly (Zlex opaca), 
bilsted (Lzguzdamber styraciflua), brewster (Magnolia glauca), 
red-maple (Acer rubrum), and wild-cherry (Prunus serotina). 
Pinus echinata, formerly P. mitzs, is the most important pine 
of Southern New Jersey. It is usually associated with the 
pitch-pine (Pzzus rigzda), with here and there patches of the 
serub-pine (Pinus virginiana or inops). 
Several foresters have encouraged the planting of pitch-pine 
in New Jersey, because it grows on extremely poor soil, and 
endures a great deal of fire. This tree is not the equal of Pixas 
virginiana and inferior in almost every respect to Prmus echi- 
mata. It is a mistake to encourage the propagation of inferior 
species, such as the pitch-pine, in regions where P. echinata and 
several other excellent trees grow equally as well. Pitch-pines. 
are, of course, better than nothing, but when they are mixed 
with P. echinata, as is often the case in Southern New Jersey, 
the latter should be favored. In spite of fires, and the great 
demand for its wood in early times for ship construction, owing 
to its marvelous reproductive ability, the smooth-bark-pine has 
held its own. 
*In a way, the chestnut is without arival. It is a rapid grower, forming a vigorous coppice, pro- 
ducing a valuable nut, and yielding a wood which is highly prized for fuel, fence-posts, fence-rails, ties,. 
telegraph poles and interior house-finish. For the latter purpose it has become of late very fashionable 
and is equal in beauty to other hard woods which are worked with much more difficulty. The chestnut: 
should be grown wherever the soil is able to support it, Like the black-walnut the chestnut is able to. 
grow on soils which may be classed as medium in quality, and (in places where there is sufficient moist- 
ure) even on very sandy soil. 
