52 BIRDS OF PREY. 
This species is common to the northern and temperate, as 
well as the warmer parts of the old and new continents, being 
met with in Europe, Africa, South America, and the West 
Indies. In the winter season it extends its peregrinations 
from Hudson’s Bay to the Oregon territory and the southern 
parts of the United States, frequenting chiefly open, low, and 
marshy situations, over which it sweeps or skims along, at a 
little distance usually from the ground, in quest of mice, small 
birds, frogs, lizards, and other reptiles, which it often selects 
by twilight as well as in the open day; and at times, pressed 
by hunger, it is said to join the Owls and seek out its prey 
even by moonlight. Instances have been known in England 
in which this bird has carried its temerity so far as to pursue 
the same game with the armed fowler, and even snatch it from 
his grasp after calmly waiting for it to be shot, and without a 
even betraying timidity at the report of the gun. The nest of 
this species is made on the ground, in swampy woods or 
among rushes, occasionally also under the protection of rocky 
precipices, and is said to be formed of sticks, reeds, leaves, 
straw, and similar materials heaped together, and finished with 
a lining of feathers, hair, or other soft substances. In the 
fF. cineraceus, so nearly related to this species, the eggs are of 
a pure white. When their young are approached, the parents, 
hovering round the intruder and uttering a sort of uncouth 
syllable, like geg geg gag, or ge ge ne ge ge, seem full of afright 
and anxiety. The Crows, however, are their greatest enemies, 
and they often succeed in demolishing the nests. The young 
are easily tamed, and feed almost immediately without exhib- 
iting any signs of fear. 
Nuttall has told about all that more modern observers have to 
tell of this species. The authorities differ chiefly in descriptions of 
the structure of the nest and the markings on the eggs. The nests 
that I have examined have been composed entirely of coarse grass, 
without lining, though the softest of the grass was laid on top. 
The eggs were unspotted. 
