YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT. 173 
at Walla-Walla, on the Columbia, breeding in the month of 
June. It retires to the south about the middle of August, or 
as soon as the only brood it raises are fitted to undertake their 
distant journey. 
The males, as in many other migrating birds, who are not 
continually paired, arrive several days before the females. As 
soon as our bird has chosen his retreat, which is commonly in 
some thorny or viny thicket where he can obtain concealment, 
Me becomes jealous of his assumed rights and resents the least 
mtrusion, scolding all who approach in a variety of odd and 
uncouth tones very difficult to describe or imitate, except by 
a whistling, in which case the bird may be made to approach, 
but seldom within sight. His responses on such occasions are 
constant and rapid, expressive of anger and anxiety; and still 
unseen, his voice shifts from place to place amidst the thicket. 
Some of these notes resemble the whistling of the wings of a 
flying duck, at first loud and rapid, then sinking till they seem 
to end in single notes. A succession of other tones are now 
heard, some like the barking of young puppies, with a variety 
of hollow, guttural, uncommon sounds frequently repeated, 
and terminated occasionally by something like the mewing of 
a cat, but hoarser, —a tone to which all our Vireos, particularly 
the young, have frequent recurrence. All these notes are 
uttered with vehemence, and with such strange and various 
modulations as to appear near or distant, like the manceuvres 
of ventriloquism. In mild weather also, when the moon 
shines, this exuberant gabbling is heard nearly throughout the 
night, as if the performer was disputing with the echoes of his 
own voice. 
Soon after their arrival, or about the middle of May, the 
Icterias begin to build, fixing the nest commonly in a bramble- 
bush, in an interlaced thicket, a vine, or small cedar, 4 or 5 
feet from the ground. The young are hatched in the short 
period of 12 days, and leave the nest about the second week 
in June. While the female is sitting, the cries of the male are 
still more loud and incessant. He now braves concealment, 
and at times mounts into the air almost perpendicularly 30 
