SUMMER TANAGER. 309 
SUMMER TANAGER. 
SUMMER RED-BIRD. 
PIRANGA RUBRA. 
Cuar. Male: rich vermilion, duller above. Female and young: 
above, dull olive; below, dull buff. Length about 7% inches. 
est. On the edge of an open grove or by a roadside, placed near 
the extremity of a horizontal limb; composed of grass, leaves, and vege- 
table fibre, lined with grass. 
£ggs. 3-4; bright green, sometimes with a tinge of blue, spotted, 
chiefly near the larger end, with various shades of brown and purple; 
0.95 X 0.65. 
This brilliant and transient resident, like the former species, 
passes the greatest part of the year in tropical America, whence 
in his gaudy nuptial suit he presents himself with his humble 
mate in the Southern States in the latter end of April or by 
the rst of May. In Pennsylvania these birds are but rarely 
seen, though in the warm and sandy barren forests of New 
Jersey several pairs may usually be observed in the course of 
every season; farther north they are unknown, ceding those 
regions apparently to the scarlet species. They are not con- 
fined to any particular soil, though often met with in bushy, 
barren tracts, and are consequently common even to the west 
of the Mississippi, in Louisiana and the Territory of Arkansas, 
as well as Mexico; they also breed near the banks of that 
river around Natchez. 
The nest is built in the woods on the low, horizontal branch 
of a tree, often in an evergreen ro or 12 feet from the ground. 
Both parents assist in incubation, and the young are fledged 
by the middle or latter end of June. They only raise a single 
brood in the season, and towards the middle or close of 
August the whole party disappear on their way to the South, 
though the young remain later than the old and more restless 
birds. 
The note of the male, like that of the Baltimore Bird, is said 
to be a strong and sonorous whistle, resembling the trill or 
