TOWHEE. 359 
Titmice also, they frequently feed and hang to the twigs in 
reversed postures. 
This form summers in the Arctic regions, and in winter migrates 
southward, a few examples reaching the northern border of the 
United States. 
Note. — The GREENLAND REDPOLL (Acanthis hornemannit) 
is larger than exd/ipes, —length 514 to 6% inches. It breeds in 
Greenland and the eastern part of Arctic America, and in winter 
ranges as far south as Labrador. 
BREWSTER’S LINNET (Acanthis brewsterit) is a “Redpoll” 
without any red on its poll; it differs also from the other forms in 
lacking the dusky spot on the throat and in having a portion of its 
plumage tinged with yellow. The type specimen was taken at 
Waltham, Mass., in 1870, and remains unique. The A. O. U. have 
placed the name in that “lock-up” for suspicious characters, the 
“ hypothetical list.” 
TOWHEE. 
GROUND ROBIN. CHEWINK. 
PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS. 
Cuar. Black with white belly and bay sides and vent; outer tail- 
feathers partly white ; white spot on wing; iris red. Female and young 
tawny brown where the adult male is black. 
West. Near the margin of woodland or in an overgrown pasture ; 
usually placed on the ground and concealed in a tuft of grass or brush- 
heap, or under a log or bush, — sometimes fastened to a low bush; loosely 
made of dry leaves, grape-vines, weed-stems, and grass, lined with fine 
grass, roots, or pine-needles. 
£ggs. 4-6; dull white thickly marked with fine spots of warm, reddish 
brown and lilac; sometimes the marks are bolder ; 0.95 X 0.75 
This is a very common, humble, and unsuspicious bird, 
dwelling commonly in thick dark woods and their borders, 
flying low, and frequenting thickets near streams of water, 
where it spends much time in scratching up the withered 
leaves for worms and their larvee, and is particularly fond of 
wire-worms (or /w/), as well as various kinds of seeds and 
gravel. Its rustling scratch among the leafy carpet of the 
forest is often the only indication of its presence, excepting 
