112 THROUGH THE BRAZILIAN WILDERNESS 



tober, and November. That the deer is an intrusive im- 

 migrant, and that it has not yet been in South America 

 long enough to change its mating season in accordance 

 with the climate, as the birds — geologically doubtless very 

 old residents — have changed their breeding season, is ren- 

 dered probable by the fact that it conforms so exactly in 

 the time of its antler growth to the universal rule which 

 obtains in the great arctogeal realm, where deer of many, 

 species abound and where the fossil forms show that they 

 have long existed. The marsh-deer, which has diverged 

 much further from the northern type than this bush deer 

 (its horns show a likeness to those of a blacktail), often 

 keeps its antlers until June or July, although it begins to 

 grow them again in August; however, too much stress 

 must not be laid on this fact, inasmuch as the wapiti and 

 the cow caribou both keep their antlers until spring. The 

 specialization of the marsh-deer, by the way, is further 

 shown in its hoofs, which, thanks to its semiaquatic mode 

 of life, have grown long, like those of such African swamp 

 antelopes as the lechwe and situtunga. 



Miller, when we presented the monkeys to him, told 

 us that the females both of these monkeys and of the 

 howlers themselves took care of the young, the males not 

 assisting them, and moreover that when the young one 

 was a male he had always found the mother keeping by 

 herself, away from the old males. On the other hand, 

 among the marmosets he found the fathers taking as much 

 care of the young as the mothers; if the mother had twins, 

 the father would usually carry one, and sometimes both, 

 around with him. 



After, we had been out four hours our camaradas got 



