96 VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY 
In both sexes there is a right-angled bend close behind 
the head. 
Symptoms.—Debility, weakness, and general signs of 
pernicious anzemia are present. 
The skin becomes scurfy, and ulcers arise on the 
skin of the limbs, which is often cedematous. The nose 
becomes excoriated, cracked, and sore. 
Epistaxis sets in in the later stage, and several ounces 
of blood may be lost at one time. 
Diarrhoea becomes persistent, and leads to dysentery. 
Finally the animals grow very weak, constantly lie 
about, and finally become comatose and die. 
A whole kennel may be affected at one time, and the 
disease is common in packs of hounds in some countries. 
On post-mortem examination, after careful search 
the worms may be discovered. The mucous membrane 
is thickened, raised, and red in patches, and shows 
petechiz. 
There is usually marked enlargement of the mesen- 
teric lymphatic glands. 
Treatment—This form of helminthiasis spreads 
rapidly, so that isolation of affected animals is essential. 
Sanitation must be improved, and great care taken in 
the cleansing of all feeding utensils. 
The usual anthelmintics may be employed. 
Filix mas or kamala, with calomel, are useful. 
After expulsion of the worms, a course of syrup. ferri 
iod. or ferri arsenas should be given. Syr. Eastonii 
might be useful. 
Above all, nourishing, easily digestible food is 
essential. 
