CHAPTER III 
PARASITES WHICH INVADE THE LIVER 
THERE are two channels by which parasites, in some 
stage of their life-history, may reach the liver. The 
easiest way is by passing from the duodenum up the 
bile-ducts, while the other is by boring through the 
intestinal wall into one of the branches of the portal 
system, and so being carried thither in the blood-stream. 
By the first route blocking of the bile-ducts is common, 
and this is accompanied by symptoms of jaundice and 
in chronic cases ascites. 
The parasites which may invade the liver are : 
1. Linguatula denticulatum. 
2. Coccidia. 
3. Cystic forms of tapeworms. 
4. Trematodes. 
1. Linguatula Denticulata.—This is the larval form of 
Linguatula tenoides of the dog, encysted in the liver 
of one of the Herbivora. It possesses four pairs of 
rudimentary legs, and after going through a moult 
becomes annulated, the rings possessing series of spines, 
resembling those on a bot. They remain in the liver 
several months. 
They may also be found in the mesenteric glands or 
even in the lung. 
2. Coccidia in the Liver.—Coccidium oviforme may 
affect calves, lambs, young pigs, etc. 
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