PARASITES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT 109 
There are eight species : 
I. Strongylus Filaria—Sheep, goat, deer, and camel. 
Male, 3 to 8 centimetres; female, 5 to 10 centimetres. 
White, thread-like, ovoviviparous. 
2. Strongylus Rufescens.—Sheep and goat. Male, 
2 to 3 centimetres; female, 3 to 4 centimetres. 
Reddish-brown, ovoviviparous. 
3. Strongylus Micrurus.—Calf. Male, 4 to 5 centi- 
metres ; female, 6 to 8 centimetres. White and taper- - 
ing, ovoviviparous. 
4. Strongylus Pulmonalis.—Calf. Less common. 
5. Strongylus Armfieldii—Male, 2 to 3 centimetres; 
female, 4 to 5 centimetres. Thread-like, ovovivi- 
parous. 
6. Strongylus Paradoxus.—Pig. Male, 1-5 centimetres ; 
female, 3 to 4 centimetres. White or brown, ovo- 
viviparous. 
7. Strongylus Pucillus.—Cat. Male, 5 millimetres; 
female, 10 millimetres. 
8. Strongylus Commutatus.—Wild rabbits and hares. 
OcCURRENCE.—Verminous bronchitis, or, as it is more 
popularly termed, “ husk,’’ or ‘“‘ hoose,” occurs chiefly 
in sheep, lambs, and calves, though it is by no means 
uncommon to find adult bovine animals affected. It 
is of more frequent occurrence on low-lying damp 
ground, and seldom attacks animals pastured on high 
ground. A large number, usually an entire flock, are 
attacked at one time. Autumn is particularly the time 
of the year at which the disease is rampant, and in wet 
seasons it attains its greatest prevalency. 
Stall-fed calves are seldom affected, and then probably 
through hay and fodder grown on infected land. It is 
not certain by what means infection is brought about, 
but it has been suggested that the parasites at some 
period of their existence reach the stomach with the 
food, and are then carried into the pharynx during 
