PARASITES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT 111 
Cough is present, but few of the signs observable in 
young animals are noticeable. 
In Sheep the symptoms are similar, but are more 
serious than in calves. Lambs and yearlings are at- 
tacked more often than older sheep. 
In bad cases lambs feed on their knees, and death 
takes place at a period varying from a week to two 
months. 
In Pigs——-Young pigs are chiefly affected, but the 
symptoms are not usually serious, and disappear as 
adult age is reached. 
POST-MORTEM LeEsIons.—The appearances produced 
by Strongyli are very varied. 
1. Simple Verminous Bronchitis—In this type the 
bronchial mucous membranes are infiltrated and swollen, 
and often show extravasations of blood. The bronchi 
contain viscous, often bloody, mucus, containing worms, 
eggs, and embryos. 
The lungs are usually emphysematous in parts and 
cedematous in others. Bronchiectasis may often be 
observed. 
2. Verminous Broncho-Pneumonia.—This type of 
lesion is the result of the passage of groups of worms into 
the finer bronchioles. Hepatization takes place around 
these areas. Localized pleurisy is not uncommon. 
3. Pseudo-Tuberculous Verminous Bronchitis.—This 
takes the form of nodules much resembling tubercles. 
They produce an uneven surface, and are composed of 
clusters of worms surrounded by connective tissue. 
THERAPEUTICS.—Preventive treatment consists in 
avoiding damp, low-lying ground, and in keeping young 
cattle and sheep as far as possible on high ground. 
Therapeutics may be classed under the following headings: 
1. Fumigations—The agents usually employed are 
chlorine gas (generated in an overhead receptacle), 
sulphur fumes, carbolic acid, creosote, tar, etc. 
