66 



posed la^ Beiieke . • Beneke designated the functional "de- 

 cline of the cell" - in my opinion very fittingly - as 

 "kataplasia" . Since, in out case, the unmistakable decline 

 is associatiated v;ith increase in cell volume, it is very 

 n9,tural to speak of kataplastic hypertrophy. 



Evidently the abnormal processes of growth 

 here in question are not unlike those v/hich 

 Bmxsr has designated as processes of" purely 

 dimensional grovrth" *- This iS not dependent on 

 assimilation, hut predominantly , on the deposition 

 of the original substance already on hand, while 

 "gro\7th in amount" is produced by increase of 

 the specifically composed organic substance. 

 In plant cells, in the last phase of their nor- 

 mal development, the "dimensional grov;th" plays 

 evidently (compare Roux) a prominent part. The 

 Increase in amount of the cells is not caused 

 by increase of their organic substance, but by 

 the enlargement of their vaeuoles. Also, in the 

 cases of abnormal increase in size, designated 

 by us as Eat aplastic, a "dimensional growth" is 

 involved, of which the products, however, are 

 here especially characterized by the atrophy 

 and destruction of the cell- contents, 



To be sure the etiology of hypertrophies has not been 

 cleared up for all cases. But for the majority (fehe active 

 ixtfernal factors have already been ascertained. Hyper- 

 trophies arise in gall-formations as reactions to chemical 

 stimuli, further as a resu3it of exoess of water, after in- 

 jury and So- forth. More details will be added in the dis- 

 cussion of the individual cases. 



In a uniform consideration of life history, histology 

 and etiology, the f ollovi^ing division of material is advis- 

 able, 



1, Most simple, cases; ie., those cases in which mer- 

 istematic cells (capable of division) grow 

 out to an unusual size, after the omission of 

 normal cell divisions. 



E, Tissues of etiolated plants which, as a result 

 of lack of light, in moist air, etc., have 

 developed abnormally long internodes, leaf 

 stems, etc. 



3. Hyperhydric cells and tissues, i.e., those pro- 



duced by an excess of water. 



4, Calluhypertrophies . i.e., those arising from in- 



juries. 



^» tyloses , ie. , hypertrophies by which only a nar- 

 rowly limited part of the cell wall is incited 

 to growth, filling out hollow places already 

 formed in the plant body. 



6. Gallrhypertrophies . i.e., those produced by the 

 poison of the vegetable or animal parasites. 



