85 



cepnalus , might be considered as expedient nev; structures 

 of the injured organisms has been answered by Kaberlandt. He 

 declares that their significance as "incomplete appendages 

 for self-regulation" may possibly be admissable. Our present 

 knowledge of intumescences makes it seem more advisable to 

 me to class these with "bark- excrescences" as is done in the 

 present presentation^ since they correspond with these etiol- 

 ogically and histologically . In my opinion, neither the 

 rln tumescences nor the bark excrescences shov; recognizable 

 pecularities , on the ground of which we might describe them 

 as "expedient" functioning formations or as asdegposition 

 towsurd such formations. 



Prillieux^'- observed conspicuous" variations from the 

 normal in seedlings of different pl,ffl:b.ts, "which we will discuss 

 later. .He germinated seeds of Ph'aseolus, Cucurbit a, "etc. in 

 hot Soil, the young plants grew but little in length, "becoming, 

 however, very thick and finally deep, gaping cross-rifts appeared 

 on them.. By anatomical investigations it was found that in all 

 tissues the cells "of the hypocotyl had been greatly inlarged, '• 

 that, for example, the cortical-cells measured radially four 

 times the normal , Occasionally besides cell growth, cell di- 

 vision also occurred here, 



I found difficulty in confirming the statements of Pril- 

 lieux, since he makes only meagi-e statements concerning his 

 methods* In my own experiments, pots ?;ith different kinds of 

 germiniating seedlings were so heated in a sandbath, that the 

 temperature of the soil was held continuously between 40 to 4S 

 degrees Centigrade, A bell-']^lass protected the cultures from 

 drying. The seedlings of Vicia stood the treatment best. "^fUhit*- 

 |80) . ish pustules occurred finally in their epicotyl, which were 



produced by growth of the epidermal and bark cells , and led to 

 a rupturing of the epidermal tissue. Presumably ^ however , the 

 formation of these "intumescences" may be explained by the very 

 abundant amount of moisture in the air (resulting from the high 

 temperature) , not by the action of the warifech itself. I would 

 like to assume the same for Prillieux's results. Vesque"' a]i.so 

 made experiments with heated soil in which "carnositas" became 

 noticeable in the plants under experiment, Fiaally the "bead 

 glands'" of the Ampelidaceae should be mentioned^ which occur in 

 young branches, on petioles, leaf blades, and side-leaves of 

 many "Vitis, Ampelopsis and Cissus species.^ Their connection 

 with the stomata is easily recognizable. The cells below the 

 stomata grov; into the air chamber and, by continued growth, push 



1. Alterations i^rod, d. 1. pi. par la culture dans un sol 

 sur-chauffe. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot., 1880, 8 ser^®. , T. X., p. 347. 



2. Compare the remarks at the end of the chapter, 



3. Compare especially Hofmeister Allg. Morph, d. Gew* , 1868, 

 p. 545; Be Bary, "Vergl, Anat. d, Vegetationsoig. , 1877, p. 68; 

 D' Arbaumont , Observations s„ 1. stomates et les lenticel-les du 

 Cissus quinquifolia. Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1877, T, XXIV, 



p« 18, 48; Solereder, System. Anat. d, Dikot, 1899, p. 253. 



