87 

 "below the normal in their development. ^ 



In cultiyation under v^/ater, Aug, Zraus^ obtained 

 germinating seedlings with "fleshy" leaves (Helianthus, 

 Lepidj.um sativum ) which were composed of ahnormaliy 

 "large cells* Ve'sque^ obtained further "carnositas" 

 not only through cultivation in abnormally high temper- 

 atures {see ahove) but also by alternate v/atering of 

 the plants under experiment with 5 (or Es5) per cent, 

 nutrient solution and distilled water. The question 

 still remains unsn,swered to what extent the "fleshiness 

 of leaves in cultures in disadvantageous nutrient so- 

 lutions'* may be considered in this connection. 



In phenomena of abnormal sticculence, as in tis- 

 sues ot etiolated plants, tissue, formations are in- 

 volved "by which ■vs^ole organs undergo the same change 

 in all their payts« 



4. G J LLLUS HYPERTROPHY 



\llhen., after injul-y, the living cells of an organ en- 

 large without division, we speak of callus hypertrophy « 

 The cells lying near the edge of the wound enlarge at times 

 to many times their normal volume. 



Just as "in the abnormal structures discussed in the 

 last division, cell-division often follows the growth of 

 the cells after injury^ Thus it is impossible to draw a 

 sharp line between the cases which belong here and those of 

 callus hyperplasias. We find in the same organs of the 

 same plant species that sometimes hypertrophic growth of 

 the exposed cells follows" in jury ^ sometimes the formation 

 of extensive hyperplasias,- depending ^^pon the conditions 

 of the organs involved' and the external life-conditions. 

 f9B) In the present section, we will have to discuss those plants 

 and plant organs which are able to develop hypertrophies 

 after injurs^. We will have to consider also the conditions 

 under which after wound stimulatioh those organs and tissues 

 react with only cell-growth, which, in general » would be 



1., Compare Pethybridge and Stange (cited above p. 57) arid 

 the literaifcure cited by Stange* 



2. Beitr. z* Kenntn, d. Keiifiung u. ersten Entwiclil. v. 

 Landpfl* unter Vifasser, Mssertation Keil, 1901. 



3. Sur 1« causes et s, 1. limites des variations de struc- 

 ture des veg. Ann. agron. , T. IX, p. 481 and T. X., p. 14. 

 (Compare Bot. Cbl. Bd. XVIII, p. 259). 



4. lobbe, Ueb. d. physiol. Funktion des Chlbrs in d. Pfl. 

 LandwirtschSftla Yersuchsstat. , 1865, Bd. VII, p. 371. Uobbe 

 Schroder and Erdman, Ueb. d. organ. Leistung des Kaliums in 

 d* Pfl, Ibid., 1871, Bd. XIII, p. 321. Compare for this 

 also Sorauer, Handb. d» PflanzenkranKh. . E, Aufl. , 1886, Bd. 



I, p. 187 and Frank^s Urteil (KranMi. d. Pfl., 2, Aufl., 

 Bd, I, p« 288). 



