114 



atove figures. Besides tlxeso, abnonaal ramifications may 

 occur, 



123) The variations in form already described have been 

 mentioned occasionally, in worlcs on mycology on account of 

 their oonspicuouaness^, but have only rarely beeen studied 

 thoroughly- Reinhardva reaearches on the conditions of 

 their protuction should be considered first &t all. Slight 

 fluctuations in the concentration of the nutrient solution 

 fluctuations of temperature, or action of poisonous substan- 

 ces cause these deformations. If the disturbances are of 

 a permanent kind^ the growing hypha tip is rounded up into 

 a ^all* "The growth In. length stops 'with this spherical 

 swelling, if resumed iMnMiately, the outermost ball-oalttte 

 grows out agins to a t*ij, of larger •r smaller diaaieter, ao* 

 cording to whether a more luxuriant or a less extensive 

 growth 6t the hypha ensues^ Only in this way- the process 

 being repeated successively- all the wavy profiles produced, 

 while the completed condition shown in the growing hypha 

 gives primarily the impression that the parts just bacJC Of 

 the tip are swollen through turgor into oajHlifce forms.' 

 In the case of more extensive disturtrance, the b^ll is flat- 

 tened in front and the apical growth stops first, while the 

 parts lying next to the sides grow still further and extend 

 beyond the dori»ant tip like a circular wall, until the growtft 

 here also comes to a standstill. Often, after a few minutes, 

 it is resumed not by the tip but by single points of this 

 circular wail, whi6ix as sprouts, grow out •pioally late 

 hyphaa. (lee. cit., p. 496, 497).^ I have given Reinhardt«s 

 desori|)tlons in detail since they apply not only to the ao- 

 normal forms of hyphae, but also of other cells growing 

 apically which are described here. 



Growth in to a spherical form ^ich Sohv7ara studied in 

 t6ot*batrs , occurs also in fungus hyphae and was observed 

 ^y Jaebe** Ee sowed spores of Muoor Taoemosus in 3 |>er cenu* 

 cltrlo acid solution; In this "spores of tne fungus swell 

 up U Uadders^ vhich may be said to be enormously larger in 

 proportion to the original size of the sp^ro (0.01; ^m., sxnce 

 they can reach at times a diameter of 0.5 am, Shese giant 

 Oells, however, are not always spherical, but often pear-- 

 shaped, OT tubular,-, at any rate very differently formed. 

 %en germinating, many spores first put out i» P"f^®?^.. . 

 places short germination tubes, which then swell out as tne 

 epores themselves have done, so that whole groups ef such 

 connected bladders are produced. Such a giant cell ose a 

 thin cell-wall, a thin brownish oytoplasfuic "all layer and 

 very abundant cell-saj* Such oells themselves, further, put; 

 out pocketings, v4iich at tiraese are cut eff by a orosswaii. 

 After a kittle time the Aells disintegrate." ''J^! JP'^^'^jy 

 Of mucor spores to swell greatly through Jl^e additio| oi 

 citric acid had been previously observed by Brefeld. 



'*l^lB"eding^''der'*i'ortpfl. b. einigen Algen u. Pilaen, UHt 

 V* 6X7. 



8« Brefeld, Mucor racemosus u. Hefe. Flora, 1873, Bd. I»VI, 

 •p* 385, 291. 



