115 



By the action of foreign organisms deformations are 

 also*produced, just as in"tne rhilsoids discussed above, 

 whether the foreign living creatures remain outside of the 

 hyphae cells or he colonized inside of the m. Bladder-like 



124) swellings and abnormal ramifications occur, for example, in 



the mycelium of PezEsia, through the action of an adjacent 

 Aspergillus mycelium,'^ Intumescenses are produced also by 

 the action of 'bacteria, etc. On account of ,i;heir biologic- 

 al significance, the deformations found by Moller^ in the 

 fungi cultivated by tropical ants are especially interesting. 

 The. sterile myoeliurj of Rozjtes gongylopbitra . formed by the 

 fungi gardens of thai tugging ant ( Atia) shows regular, ball- 

 like swellin(^s on the ends of the hyphae. United into thick 

 groups they form thg "kohl-rabi mounds which serve the ants 

 for food, (Conpare fi^. 47) . Essentially the sane is shown 

 by the fungi cultivated by the hair and hupp ants ( Aptero- 

 stigmA and Oyphony^rmex) although their kohl-rabi mounds do 

 not consist of such re£:ularly formed hyphae-heads as do those 

 of the Atta species, Moller^s cultural experiments with 

 goaites p;ot^gylophora p rove that the mycelium forms diverse 

 swellings . extraordinarily easily. He succeeded in producing 

 the kohl-rabi monndo even on artificial nutrient media. I* 

 is not known what '^aotcfs' in the neat of the tugging aii*8 

 are effective in ot^using the formation of the hyphae swell- 

 ings. Finally, hypertrophies of the fungus hyphae should 

 be considered^ Which are produced after colonization by 

 parasites. They offer nothing essentially n«w for our ana- 

 tomical considerations r^ 



Intumescences, cells ?/ith wavy outlines etc. cccur 

 also in the Siphoneae. Bryopsis and Udotea are faverabie 

 — •bjeots and may be cultivated easily often forming in 



cultures the deformations described. Thus they repeals ontt- 

 gen^tically all the details which Reinhardt had described 

 for fungus hyphae (see above.) . 



(125) The fact that even in Siphoneae, intumescences can be 

 produced by the action of foreign organisms is proved by 



Iv Compare in detail the statements of Reinhardt', loc. 

 cit. p. 502, 519. 



2. Holier, A..l>ie Pilzgarten einiger gudamerikanistfjier 

 Ameisen. Jena, 1893, (Schimper's Bot. Mitt, aiis dem Tropen, 

 Heft 4.) 



S.Uxamples in Cornu, Monogr. d. Saprolegniees, Ann. Sc. 

 Uftt. Bot. 1872. V°Je, Serie., T. XV. p. 145, Cornu, Ber. d. 

 D. Bot. Ges,,1889., p. E55. A. Fischer in Rabenhorst's Kry- 

 ptogaaenflora, 1892, Bd. I, 4, p. 34, 37, and other Pjaces. 

 Zopf* Zur. Kenntnis d. Ehycomyeeten. Nova Acta Aoad, Loop. 

 1884, Bd. XLVII, p. 168, 173, and other places, RaceborsKl, 

 ^flanzenpathologisohes aus Java. Ztschr. ?• .^^I'-^^^^JV* » 

 1898, Bd, VIII, p. 195. (The so-called conidia of Bactri- 

 dium flavum are enormously enlarged cells of an unknown 

 fungus host plant (Peaiza?) in which lives an amoeba lixe 

 parasite (Rozella? Woronina?) . 



