117 



we> sae repeated everywhere,^ The correspondence of degener- 

 ate, bacteria with the cells of Jjigher and lower plants 

 described "febove should be demonstrated by figure 49, v5i ich 

 gives involution-forms of Bacterium Pasteurianum , and by the 

 illustrations given earlierT Involution- forms of fthe bacter- 

 (126) ia are characterized by their small cytoplasmic content. The 

 deformed cells finally disintegrate through loss of power. 



Monstrosities occur also in the case of other unicel- 

 lular living creatures, v/hen cultivated under abnormal life 

 conditions. These are produced in the same v;ay by abnormal 

 increase in volume and priticesses of growth taking an abnor- 

 mal courss. Algae, fungus spores and vegetative fungus cells 

 also form such "involution- forms". Algae _cells . conspicuous 

 for irregularity of form and tendency to form branches, were 

 observed for example in gtichococcus by Ai» Klercker, Matni- 

 chot and Molliard, by Kyuger in 6hlorothecium sac char ophilum. 

 Sever inok in Soendesmus aoutus. e'fcc,'^ I may name here aitsg 

 the giant algae cells, Vi/hich are produced by tiie action of 



1. Literature on .involution-forms collected, for instance - 

 in A. Fischer. (Vorl^esungen ub. Dakterian, 1897, p. 162). 

 Compare further for *the action of fotrient substratum , Mat- 

 zuschita. Binwirg r. d, Kochsalizgehaltes des utebodena auf 



.• die Vfuchsform d, Mikrooroganismen., 2tschr. f , Hyg« "H* IJ^* 

 fectionskrankh, 1900, Bd. XXXV, p. 495, of ^< ?Bperature , Han- 

 sen, Recht s. 1. bacteries ac6tifiantes, Travaux du labor de 

 Carisberg 1894, Yol, III. Michaelis, Beitr. z. Kenntn* d. 

 •thermophilen Bakt. Arch. f. Hyg, Bd. XXXVI, p. 285, of _. sub- 

 stance s eliminated by f oreign organisms Potts, Zur physiol- 

 ogie des Dictyostelium"'ijiucoroides. Flora, 1902, Bd. XC, p. ^Sl* 



2. Af. Klecker, Ueber zwei T/Vasserformen von Stichococcus , 

 Flora, 1896, Bd. 2XXXII, p. 90. Matruchot and Molliard, Var- 

 iations de -struct, d'une algue verte sous 1' inf 1. du milieu 

 nutritif. Rev. gen, Bot. 1902, 2?. XIV, p. 113. Kruger, W. 

 Kur2se Characteristik einigernied. Organisaen im Saftflusse 

 d. Laubbaume. Hedwigia, 1894, Bd. XXXIIX, p. 241. Beyerinck 

 Kulturversuche mit Zooohlorellen, Lichenengonidien u. ana. 

 nied. Organismen. Bot. Zeigg. 1890, Bd. XLVII, p» 724. Coxih 

 pare also Richter, Ueb. d, Anpassung §. Susswasseralgen an 

 Kochsalzlosungeh. Flora, 1892, Bd. LXXV. p. 4. iockwood, 

 Formes anormale^ chea les Diatomees cultiv'ees artificielie- 

 aient. Arch. Micrographie. T. X. p. 5. Miquel. Rech. experim. 

 s. la phys» morph. et pathol. des Diatorames. Ibid. p. 49. 

 The latter obtained abnormal forms in older, exhauseted cul- 

 tures, especially if they were contaminated by other algae 

 (Scenedesmus and others) , It must remain undecided, whether 

 possibly the irregular, many armed forms described by Bohim 

 (Ueb, Schneealgen aus Pita^-Lappmark, Bot. Cbl. 1895, Bd. 

 LXIV, p. 42) as Cerasterias nivalis., the strikingly variable 

 forms described by Schmidl'e (Ueb. drei Algengenera. Ber, d. 

 B. Bot, Ges., 1901, Bd. XIX, p. 10) as Coccomyxa j-ispar and 

 similar algae forms might also be included amojig the path^ 

 ologically deformed ones. 



