Vio 



(1.95) , a, Kataplasmas « 



VJe will term liat^lasmas those galls of any origin what- 

 ever, which are distinguished from the normal tissue of the 

 Gorresponaing organs by the small amount of their tissue dif- 

 ferentiation, She differentiation of the single cells cor- 

 rer.pondo to that mentioned ahove in callus ana nound-wood 

 tissues. IShe tidsuo of kataplasmas consists often of abnormal- 

 ly large cell elements, the union of \;hlc:h usually gives a 

 thin-walled, often entirely homogeneous rja-j-enchyna, or ap- 

 proicinates it* Further, kataplasmas ere'"" characterized by 

 their lack of any definite characteristic form or repularlv 

 recurring size, <j n 



Among kataplasmas belong first of ali almost all Phytoce- 

 cidia; since, among the plants which produce galls, only a very 

 few are laiorm as yet through the action of which prosoplasm&- 

 tic structures may arise, 



lf7e should mention as the most important gall producer 

 among Myi'comycetes, the producer of the club root of cab- 

 bage,- Plasmodiphora Brassicae . :3all-like swellings of 

 various forms and sizes are produced on the rpots of 

 BraGslca and other Cruciferae, According to Gobel, Tet- 

 rasxysca p arasitica , produces tuberl4.ke swellings on 

 I^uppea, fcorosphaera Veronicae Schroter moderately strong 

 outgrowths on the roots and pef5.filGS of different Ver- 

 onica species. According to the recent investigations by 

 Toumay, the goitres of many fruit trees etc. are the^ 

 products of a elime- fungus - (Dendrophagus globosus) , ° 



1, The most important literature on mjncomycete galls,- V7or- 

 onin, Plasmodiophora Brassicae . Prin^sheim's Jahrb, f. v/iss. 

 Bot,, 1878, Bd. XI, p. 548. Nawasohin, Beob. ub. d. feiti. Bau" 

 u. Umwandle, v, Plas.-npdiophora B rassicae u. s, f. flora, 1899, 

 Bd. LXXXVI, p, 406. Gbbel 3?etramyxa parasitica . Flora, 1884, 

 • Bd-.^^LXVII, p. 517, Schroter, Phytomyxinae. Engler-Prantl' s 

 Naturl, Pflanaenfam, I, 1, p. 5. Toumay, An inquiry into the 



cause and nature of crown-gall. Arizona Exper. Station, 

 1900, B]fll, XXXIII. Miiller-Thurgau. II, Jahresber. Yersuchs- 

 stat. Wadensweil. — The disease of a?ave leaves ( gylogonus 

 Agavae, Athens 1888) described Iji Miliarakis migh-t well not 

 be traceable to parasites. In investigating microscopically 

 the brownish cushions, occurring extraordinarily numerously 

 on the leaves, I found no traces of a slime fungus (Professor 

 Miliarakis most kindly sent me the material). Rather I believe 

 that the swellings, ^ust like the well knov/n black buttons on 

 the leaves of Gasteria and other succulents, are related to 

 "hyperhydric" tissues (see above p. 83) . Among the abnormally 

 enlarged cells there results a very abundant formation of 

 Wound cork, by which the diseased parts of the leaf tissue 

 are separated from the healthy ones. Further investigation 

 would be desirable,- (Dhe agave disease ^tudied by Miliarakia 

 not only occurs in Mediterranean countries but also in Ger- 

 man botanical gardens etc. 



