251 



capable of giving forth harmonies and discords which were not 

 Thought of when it was made, thus an organism, by virtue of Its 

 structure and peouliarities and the capacities conditioned h^t 

 these is able to oarry through reactions, which nornp.llv do" 

 not take place, and which possibly never took place in its. pro- 

 genitors"*. If we wish to consider the reactions which occur 

 during the forM'.tlon of galls etc, as „abnomr.l combinations of 

 norraal components, yet we vill not venture to compare among 

 themselves the Individual cells, of which the normal and abnormal 

 tissues are oompoged, but must go further in our analvais and 

 compare thd Individual partial processes by which the" cells of 

 th© normal and abnormal tissues are produced. If we compare the 

 £f P^'"^^ ^' whole t.lth one another, we arrive at the conclusion 

 thfit the organism is able to produce something "new". But If 

 we keep to the individual partial processes, we recognize the 

 fact thr.t the "nf*" quality :ies its origin to the same pro- 

 aesses and same c^if^-lities of the cytoplasm as do normal element a, 

 Ihe localization, the Intensity end the oorablnp.tlon of these dif- 

 ferent partlol processes oan, however, occur very differently, 

 according to the effective conditions and oan produce very di- 

 verse products, 



I believe that the contradiction In the statements of the 

 authors above nr.med may be thus explained:- TTe vriii have to 

 express ourselves as for or against the production ef "nS^" 

 elements, according t© whether «re eompare the complete cells vdth 

 one another or fix our glance on the pPurtlal processes by which 

 they are produced. 



The individual partial processes making up the processes of 

 formation of the different normal cells, oan thus be so diverse- 

 ly combined that literally an unlimited number of cell and tis- 

 sue forms oan be produced, I call attention again te galls, es- 

 t>eelall;r prosoplasmas, The examples, described above, will have 

 given already an Idea of the wealth of their tissue ferms. The 

 diversity in the reactions of the cells and tissues oor responds 

 to that In the combination of the effective jpaotors, which like- 

 wise can be varied unlimitedly. ^7e will not explain the diatin- 

 gulshabl© reactions existing in gall formations etc, by previous- 

 (293>3fiy fixed reaction meohanifflns of v/hich first one and then another 

 Is set In action, but by the varied combination &f (internal and 

 •xternal) factors. The manner of action of each individual fac- 

 tor always remains the same In the same substratum, the diversity 

 tn the tissue produotK of the plP.nt being explained by the pecul- 

 iar combination ef the different effective factors* 



0. On the Ca pacity for Reaction 



Almost all the processes In the living plsmt cell tyhioh are 

 of interest to us presuppose priraerily a definite nutritive con- 

 dition, a definite degree of temperature, accessibility to air 

 (oxygen) and the pressure of water. The oell becomes capable of 

 reaction only through the fulfilling ef these prescribed condi- 

 tions, I 



We haive already distinguished betv/een a specific and an 

 accidental inability to react - the accidental being conditione4 

 by the. energetic condition of the cells, the specific by the 



^ Pfeffer, Pflanzenphyslologie, 2. Aufl,, ^9Q1, M. 11, 

 p, ITl. 



