KEY TO DUCKS, GEESE AND SWANS OF NORTH AMERICA. 33 



Head and neck, black ; sides of neck (not front) , mottled with white ; no 

 speculum ; lower breast, grayish ; no white on head. 



Brant. 



Branta bernicla. 

 See page 86. 



Head and neck, black ; front and sides of neck, mottled with white ; no 

 speculum ; lower breast, dark, not pale gray ; no white on head. 



Black Brant. 



Branta nigricans. 

 See page 87. 



A patch of white on side of head, extending to throat, rest of head and neck, 

 black. Western United States, rarely to ^V^sconsin. 



Cackling Qoose. 



Bernicla canadensis minima. 

 See page 85. 



GROUP VII. 

 Birds having wings from 14 to 19 inches long. 



Section 1. Head and neclc, black or blaclcish, marked with 



more or less white. 



Head and neck, black ; a patch of white on each cheek, extending to upper 

 throat ; no white on neck. 



Canada Qoose. 



Branta canadensis and races. 

 See page 85. 



Head and neck, black; side {not front), of neck, speckled with white; upper 

 belly, whitish. 



Brant. 



Branta bernicla. 

 See page 86. 



Head and neck, black ; side and front of neck, speckled with white ; upper 

 belly, grayish brown. 



Black Brant. 



Branta nigricans. 

 See page 87. 



