HEAD OOLIiAE. 



of the manger, so as to divide it into several spaces ; this vriU 

 prevent the evil, and consequent loss of food. The iron rods 

 do not require to be more than fourteen inches apart from one 

 another. Avoid covering the outside of the manger vpith sheet 

 iron, tin, zinc, or in fact with thia metal of any kind. In course 

 of time these metals wear away in certain places, the broken 

 portions become elevated, thus presenting sharp edges, against 

 which a horse may tear and lacerate his skin. Besides it pre- 

 sents an ugly appearance, and in no way is it of benefit. The 

 height of the manger from the ground should be about three 

 feet seven or eight inches ; and, as a rule, from the top of the 

 manger to the top of the hay rack should be the same distance. 

 Sead Collar. — Head Collars are of various kiads ; but the 

 most preferable is the old-fashioned 

 one of all, such as is exhibited in 

 the annexed engraving. Experience 

 has proved them to be the most se- 

 cure, and in appearance they are 

 quite as neat as any of the newer 

 styles. Groiag from the head collar, 

 and firmly attached to its lower part, 

 is the shcmk, which is sometimes a 

 chain, sometimes a rope, and at other 

 times a long piece of fiat leather. 

 Chains are disagreable from the rattling noise they make when 

 moved : nevertheless with some horses a chain is indispensable. 

 A rope or a leathern shank they wUl bite to pieces, and thus 

 liberate themselves ; while, apart from this, rope is not altoge- 

 ther safe, as it is apt to chafe and break. Leather, as a rule, is 

 the best of all : it moves through the ring or roller at the bot- 

 tom of the manger evenly and without noise. It also wears the 

 longest, because it suffers the least from friction. One shank 



