BEAN TLOTJE. 41 



ones being the best ; and they should be at least twelve months 

 old, properly dried, and free from grub ravages, otherwise they 

 certainly cannot be fit to give to horses. When beans are 

 aifected with the grub, the ravages of the insect may be easily 

 detected. If minutely examiaed, when whole, it will be seen 

 that they are perforated at the side; the perforation being 

 round and deeply penetrating, as though it had been effected 

 by a very small gimlet, — this being simply due to the operation 

 of the grub, which eats its way into the iuterior, and in many 

 instances destroys the entire vegetable. 



Beans and oats contain similar substances, but united in 

 different proportions. " Beans, (says Liebeg,) are proportionally 

 much richer in bone earth than oats." " The labourers (we are 

 told,) in the mines of South America, whose daily labour — 

 perhaps the most severe in the world, — consists in carrying upon 

 their shoulders a load of earth from 180 to 200ttis. weight, 

 from a depth of 450 feet, subsist only upon bread and beans. 

 They would prefer to confine themselves to bread, but their 

 masters have found that they cannot work so much on this diet, 

 and they therefore compel them, like horses, to eat beans."* 



Beans when given to horses, should be spUt or crushed. 

 A mill for the double purpose of crushing beans and oats, can 

 be procured at a very reasonable price, from -the eminent 

 makers, Messrs. Eichmond & Chandler, of Salford, Manchester. 

 New beans are decidedly dangerous ; and as to 



Sean JPlour, it is objectionable as a diet for fast-workiag 

 horses. It is more suitable for cattle. It is a good deal used 

 for draught horses. It requires to be mixed with other kinds 

 of food, such as chopped hay, steamed turnips, and with water. 

 Unless weU moistened when given, it is liable to cake within 

 the intestines, and kill the animal. It is much adulterated ; and 

 * Darwin's Journal of Researches, and Liebeg's Chemistry of Agriculture. 



