CATALOGUE OF THE TIMBERS OF THE WORLD 53 



from this country has decreased, while as regards India there is no 

 prospect of any large supply in the future unless systematic planting is 

 taken in hand ; this work is well justified from the value of the wood 

 and the comparatively fast rate of growth of the tree. 



The annual rings are clearly marked by bands of wide and numerous 

 pores forming the spring zone, outside of which the more scanty vessels 

 are scattered. There are no concentric light Unes meeting the rays at 

 right angles. The large pores and fine meduUary rays are visible to the 

 naked eye in cross-section, and the rays produce a pleasing sUver grain 

 in the quartered wood. 



Cedar, Paraguay. Source unknown ; probably Cedrela sp. (C. brazili- 

 ensis ?). Weight, 31 lbs. 15 oz. Paraguay. 



About 1899 there reached London several cargoes of this wood, in the 

 form of square hewn logs, varying in length from 10 to 30 feet, and from 

 12 to 30 inches wide or more. The logs were very sound and of good 

 quality. 



In texture and fragrance the wood closely resembles cedar from Central 

 America, but appears to be harder, darker, and redder. It seasons and 

 thereafter stands well, neither shrinking, warping, nor twisting. Trouble 

 was experienced in the sale, however ; as if offered as a substitute for 

 cedar its extra weight was the cause of complaint, and when offered in 

 lieu of mahogany the buyer complained that he had been given cedar. 

 Probably its most general use, however, would be as a substitute for 

 mahogany. 



In transverse section the annual rings are well marked by a zone of 

 large pores, within which is a thin light line (in my specimen the rings 

 are all wide) ; the pores are visible to the naked eye, mostly open, but 

 some contain a glistening dark substance ; the medullary rays are visible 

 and somewhat wavy. 



Cedar, Pencil. Juniperus virginiana, Linn. Weight, 34 lbs. 11 oz. 

 (very variable). United States, especially in the Eastern region ; 

 and Juniperus barbadensis, Linn., /. bermudiana, Linn., Georgia, 

 Florida, Jamaica, and other islands of the West Indies. 



The woods of the above species are practically identical in appearance 

 and properties, and are used almost entirely for pencil-making. 



The timber is generally imported in the form of square hewn logs or 

 bUlets, but sometimes in the round, the sizes and quality of which have 

 deteriorated steadily with time, so that it is now possible to obtain only 

 small-sized faulty wood. Formerly large-sized pieces yielding panels 

 2 feet wide were procurable. The present supplies come mainly from 

 Jamaica, Alabama, and Georgia. The northern-grown wood is unsuitable 



