CATALOGUE OF THE TIMBERS OF THE WORLD 79 



Elm, Cornish. Ulmus nitens, var. stricta. Ait. Weight, 33 lbs. United 

 Kingdom. 



This tree produces a wood which is superior in quality and texture 

 to either the common English ehn or the wych elm, and more nearly 

 resembles the quaUty of the American rock ekti, although not so hard, 

 tough, or white. According to Elwes and Henry, " It produces a remark- 

 ably tough wood, which is used by wheelwrights for naves, felloes, and 

 framework of waggons, . . . and cdso formerly for making boxes in 

 which gunpowder was compressed by an hydraulic press, as no other 

 wood was found to bear great pressure so well." It also stands very well 

 for the framework of Ughter carriages and carts. Cornish elm was used 

 for some old carved panelling which is carefully preserved in the church 

 at Lantiglos near Fowey, but displays here its habihty to be attacked 

 by a worm or beetle, which has perforated some of the panels with holes. 

 It is harder and of a hghter colour than the other EngUsh elms, and is 

 capable of a smoother surface from the tool. There is also some difference 

 in the transverse grain, which is more compact and dense, the pores being 

 smaller and rather less in number. 



Elm, Indian. Holoptelea integrifolia, Planch. Weight, 40 lbs. (Gamble). 

 India, Burma. 



This wood bears very little, if any, resemblance to the elms with 

 which we are familiar in this country. The colour is a light, rather 

 bright straw-yeUow, while the wood has a clean, smooth, straight graini 

 Pearson says : " It is easily worked to a smooth surface, seasons well, 

 somewhat cross-grained if cut radially." In India it has been found 

 to be an excellent wood for brush manufacture, and is in demand for 

 this purpose. 



The pores are small and regular, not numerous, joined by pale, short, 

 concentric bands. The medullary rays are exceedingly fine, well-defined, 

 equidistant, parallel, and crossed at irregular intervals by continuous 

 pale hues which may denote the concentric layers. 



Elm, Wych. Ulmus montana, Sm. Weight, 33 lbs. i oz. Europe, 

 America. 



This wood, while very similar to that of the common elm, is more 

 valuable and can be used for many more purposes. It is milder and 

 more straight in the grain, and is not so liable to twist or warp. It is 

 used for boat boards and other shipbuilding requirements. 



The characteristics are similar to the ordinary elm, but the pores are 

 more open, and decrease in size with an even and regular gradation, 

 through the spring-wood to the outermost layer of autumn-wood. 



