100 



MANUAL OP THE APIAEY. 



bee-duties. An indirect function of all the bees is to supply 

 animal heat, as the very life of the bees require that the 

 temperature inside the hive be maintained at a rate consid- 

 erably above freezing. In the chemical processes attendant 

 upon nutrition, much heat is generated, which, as first shown 

 by Newport, may be considerably augmented at the pleasure 

 of the bees, by forced respiration. The bees, too, by a rapid 

 vibration of their wings, have the power to ventilate their 

 hives, and thus reduce the temperature, when the weather is 

 hot. Thus they moderate the heat of summer, and temper 

 the cold of winter. 



Tinder Surface of Bee, showing Wax between Segments, 



