20 
ical survey and plan should be made to aid in 
establishing the system of drainage. This plan is also 
useful both for farming purposes and for landscape- 
gardening. Having decided upon the outfall for the 
drain system, and the position of main, sub-main, and 
minor drains, as to their direction, distance apart, 
depth and grades, the whole should be staked out on 
the ground. The work may be let out by contract 
to be done under direction of the engineer; or men 
may be employed by the day under a competent 
overseer who attends to all details of the work, giving 
grades, etc., and who is employer and pay-master 
of the men. Much of the work on grounds of small 
area may be done by farm hands, under general 
direction of the engineer. Materials for the work 
can usually be procured by the engineer at a lower 
rate than by other parties. After the work is 
completed, a careful plan of the whole should be 
made, so that after the plough shall have obliterated 
all traces of the drains from the surface, any point in 
the system may still be easily found by means of the 
plan. 
