9 
Their chief benefits are warming, ventilating, and 
deepening the soil; and our next care should be to 
extend these effects by ploughing, subsoiling, and 
judicious manuring. How much of these is worth 
while, must be determined by the circumstances of 
each case, but we may be sure that, to some extent, 
they are absolutely necessary. . 
At length, when the soil is prepared, we may move 
our trees, at the most favorable time, and from our 
_ own nursery, to make our plantations. Our previous 
measures having given us complete control over all 
the circumstances, we proceed sure, not only of suc- 
cess, but of rapid realization. It is astonishing to 
those not familiar with such work, to see in how few 
years beautiful landscapes can be obtained, provided 
we have the courage and patience to move with 
deliberate but constant energy. 
Let us now consider some of the effects which it is 
desirable to produce. The two most important ideas 
to keep in mind are simplicity and concentration. 
This need not interfere with that intricacy so effective 
in large and highly finished, grounds; but the 
refinements must come gradually,— the broad prin- 
ciples first. We will suppose that, in building our 
house, we have avoided some of the common errors, 
and that we have placed the room where we are to 
live, the windows where we really mean to sit, on the 
side where we get our most desirable view. If an 
ornamental terrace here connects us with our grounds, 
so much the better; but we need not be dependent 
