130 ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. 



it rises twenty inches above the marsh. It will supply 

 sixty gallons of water a minute; and continued pumping 

 at that rate will not reduce the head more than nine feet 

 below the marsh. 



§ In" digging a well to supply the steam-engine at the 

 Cancerine manufactory in Goshen, water was reached within 

 a few feet of the surface, but was found to be salt ; much 

 Salter than sea water, the owners judged. The salt in- 

 crusted the boiler, and much difficulty was experienced on 

 that account during the whole of last year. It has since 

 been found that of the water in the well, that which is near 

 the surface is fresh, and the salt water lies under it. After 

 learning this, a large and . shallow well was dug, and the 

 supply for the boiler was drawn from near the surface of 

 the water in the well. The plan is entirely successful ; no 

 salt scale forming in the boiler. 



There are some very fine springs of fresh water at Cold 

 Spring, in Lower Township. : These springs are in a valley 

 near the village. They' issue below the tide-level ; and the 

 flow of water is so copious, that even when overflowed by 

 sea water, the fresh water can be obtained by sinking a 

 proper vessel down through the salt water to the opening 

 of the spring. 



The springs at Cold Spring have been mentioned on 

 page 25. There are a number of others of the same cha- 

 racter, in the edge of the marsh between Cold Spring and 

 Beesley's Point. They are generally small. 



A few springs have been noticed which precipitated 

 oxide of iron, when the water came to the surface. One, 

 in the cedar swamp, just below Johnson's saw-mill at North 



