No. 2] The Birds of Old English Literature 3 



WW. 132. 15 : gracculas uel garrulus, hroc ; 260. 10, 413. 33 : grallus ,~^ ; 

 286. 6: grains -^ ; 518. 12, M. Gl. 307. 12 ; graculus ,~ ; WW. 412. 40: grau- 

 culus r^ ; Cp. G. 154, £p. 469 : grallus, hrooc ; Er. 469 : graculus ~/ ; Zrf. 201 : 

 garallus (^graculus) hroc ; Shrn. 29. i : garula /^ ; Za?^. 240. 34 : grallus, roc ; 

 Spl. Ps. 146 10: se selS nyienum mete and briddum hroca cigendum hine ; 

 M, St. I. 492. 14 : and tSaer flugon sona to hrocas and hremmas. 



Hroc also appears in names of places: Cod. Dip. 6. 303. 



Gen. Corvus. Ravens. 



II. I. hrefn. Raven (^^^rz'MJcorz'Mi') ; perhaps named from 

 its cr)'^, from root seen in L. crepare. 



ME. raven, reven; D. raven; OHG. hraban, hram, rabo ; 

 G. rabe ; Icel. hrafn. 



M. Gl. 307. 2, M. Gr. 28. 19 : coruus, hremn ; WW. 260. 8 : ^ hrefn ; 365. 

 20 : corax r^ ; Cp. C. 735 : ^^ hraefn ; £r. 285 : {nycti)corax, hraebn ; M. Gr. . 

 12. 14: niger coruus, hrem ; ig. 12: hie coruus, ?Ses hremn; ZdA. 240. 32: 

 coruus, hrsem ; JE. St. I. 492. 14 : and 5aer flugon sona to hrocas and hremmas 

 and feala cynna fugelas ; Th. Ps. 146. 10 : hrefnes briddum ; Vesp. Ps. 146. 

 9 : briddum hrefna ; Beo. 1801 : hrefn blaca ; 2448 : hrefne to hrocSre ; 3024 : 

 ac se wonna hrefn [sceall] fus ofer faegum fela reordian, earne secgan hu 

 him set aete speow, Senden he wi3 wulfe wxl reafode ; Gen. 1442 : sweartne 

 .... hrefn ; 1449: sweartum hrefne ; Gen. 8. 7 : and asende ut senne hremn ; 

 se hremn fieah tJa ut and nolde eft ongean cirran ; Jud. 206 : se wanna hrefn, 

 waelgifre fugel ; El. 52: hrefen uppe gol, wan and waelfel ; no: hrefen 

 weorces gefeah ; Finn. : 36 : hraefen wandrode, sweart and sealobrun ; Pates 

 of Men 36: Saer him hrefn nimeS heafodsyne, slitetf salwigpad sawelleasne ; 

 Soul's Address, Ex. 54 : se swearta hrefn ; ib., Verc. : se swearta hrefen ; 

 Brun. 61 : salowigpadan, Sone sweartan hraefn, hyrnednebban ; By. 106 : 

 hremmas wundon ; Chron. %1?> : and Saer waes se gutSfana genumen 5e hie 

 Hraefn heton ; Lk. 12. 24: besceawiaS tSa hrefnas ; Lind. Lk.i2.2^: behaldaS 

 <Sa raefnas ; Beo. 2925: hrefna wudu ; 2935: hrefnes holt; Inst. Pol. 19: 

 hi laeceaSS eallswa gyfre hremnas of holde doS ; M. Past. Ep. 49 : swa 

 swa graedige raemmas ; Lchdm. 3. 333 : hraefnes fot ; hraefnes leac ; M, H. 

 2 . 46. 15 : naefS he na culfran Seawas, ac haeftJ (Saes blacan hremmas ; 140. i : 

 setSe giu aer Elian afedde Surh Sone sweartan hremm ; 144. 13: ?Sa woldon 

 hremmas hine bereafian set his gedeorfum, gif hi dorston ; 144. ig : hwaet 

 Sa hremmas ?Sa ricene flugon, ealle tosomne, ofer tSone sealtan brym ; 144. 

 21 : eft (5a siSSan oJSre twegen swearte hremmas sit5lice comon ; 162. 21 : Sa 

 waes sum wilde hrem gewunod tSaet he daeghwomlice fleah fram wuda to 

 mynstre ; 162. 23 : he Sa wearp Sam hremme Sone gexttrodan hlaf ; 

 St. GutA. 4S. 4: and hraefena craecetunge; 50. i: Sa com Saer sum hrefen 

 in ; 50. 5 : Sa geseah he Sone hrefen Sa cartan beran ; 50. 9 : ac swa se 

 hrefen Surh Sa fennas upp afligeS, swa Su him aefter row ; 50. 22 : waeron 

 on Sam ylcan yglande twegen hrefnas gewunode ; 54. I : ymb Sa glofan Se 

 Sa hr *nas baeron ; 54. 17 ; Sa gesegon hi Sone hraefn mid San sweartan 



