CITRUS GROWERS' EXCHANGES 6i 



ordinary citrus association charter gives the name of the 

 corporation, states that its purpose is to pack and market 

 citrus fruits without profit' and to hold stocks or bonds of 

 other corporations marketing citrus fruits or furnishing 

 packing house or orchard supplies. After deducting ex- 

 penses proceeds are to be distributed among the members 

 according to the amount and quality of the fruit furnished 

 by each. Voting power, contributions for the necessary 

 equipment, and property interest in the corporation are to 

 be proportionate to the number of bearing acres that a 

 member has entered in the association, and on this basis 

 new members may be admitted and have the same status 

 as old members. A certificate of membership cannot be 

 assigned, and an assignee can have no rights or privileges 

 in the association except as provided by the by-laws. 



The real framework of the association appears only in 

 its by-laws, and as a preliminary to explaining how an 

 association actually carries on its business and meets its 

 problems it is essential to know in detail what it may and 

 may not do. Therefore, the important parts of a set of 

 by-laws will be given, after which comments and explana- 

 tions based upon them will be in order; 



We, the undersigned members of the 



Association, constituting a majority of all the members and 

 having more than a majority of all the votes of said Asso- 

 ciation, do hereby adopt the following new by-laws of said 

 Corporation : 



I. A certificate of membership shall be issued to each 

 member, who thereunder shall have as many votes at all 

 meetings as he has bearing acres of citrus orchards from 

 which the fruit is being marketed through this Association. 

 The number of such acres shall be fixed by the Board of 



types are quite similar, therefore a description of one organization 

 applies, with certain modifications, to all. The most accessible cita- 

 tion for the charter and by-laws of the best type of exchange associa- 

 tion is found in Powell, "Cooperation in Agriculture," pp. 53-64. 



