90 COOPERATIVE MARKETING 



yet to be marketed. Obviously, he must be excluded for 

 the remainder of the season, be made to shift for himself 

 and bear the consequences of his selfishness. 



Though entering and leaving an association is a simple 

 matter there is nothing indefinite about what is required 

 of a member during any fruit year. He is compelled to 

 deliver to the association's packing house every box of fruit 

 grown on the groves entered in the association or pay dam- 

 ages of twenty-five or fifty cents for all fruit not so de- 

 livered. , Such drastic provisions are essential unless the 

 association wishes to invite disaster. After buying supplies 

 enough to pack a certain quantity of fruit, after organizing 

 the picking, packing and office force on the expectation of 

 a certain output, an association cannot permit itself to be 

 left in the lurch by desertions. Enlistment in cooperation 

 must be voluntary, but once the campaign is on those show- 

 ing the white feather deserve no consideration, and should 

 be whipped into line. 



The legal status of this provision for liquidated damages 

 to be paid to the association when a member refuses to 

 deliver his fruit is somewhat uncertain, and there is a ques- 

 tion as to what would happen should a case come before 

 a court. An owner in a corporation cannot be penalized 

 arbitrarily, and this provision about liquidated damages 

 therefore specifically states that it is very difficult to deter- 

 mine the exact extent to which the association would be 

 damaged by the refusal on the part of a member to deliver 

 fruit. So twenty-five or fifty cents a box is adopted as 

 a reasonable estimate of the injury and is acceded to on the 

 part of both association and grower. 



In the early days of the cooperative movement buyers 

 and shippers would try to lure members away by offering 

 them a few cents a box more than they thought they might 

 get through the exchange. But very few buyers could 



