112 COOPERATIVE MARKETING 



which they did not grow on the prospects of making a profit 

 by selling it again through the facilities furnished by the 

 association. Profits on growing and not on merchandizing 

 must be the ideal of the growers. 



Flexibility is given to the citrus organizations by pro- 

 viding for reasonably easy amendments to the by-laws. In 

 short, the theory on which the associations are built is that 

 no rule should be binding over the members unless it is 

 desired by a substantial majority. 



Again the question of transfers of property comes up, 

 showing how important a part it plays in the citrus industry. 

 What would be the status of a crop growing in a grove 

 which a member had entered in an association for the next 

 fruit year if the grove should be sold? Would the new 

 owner be compelled to ship this crop through the associa- 

 tion or pay damages even if he preferred to ship otherwise ? 

 Very wisely the provision is made that a bona fide sale of 

 an orchard cancels all agreements about the crop, though 

 the new owner if he wishes may assume the certificate of 

 the former owner and ship through the association even 

 though it be the very middle of the fruit year, while a grove 

 that did not belong to a member could not be entered in an 

 association except at the end of a fruit year. 



The recall of judicial decisions is adopted as a principle 

 by providing that the membership at any general meeting 

 may rescind any decision made by the board, though the 

 directors' decision is otherwise final. 



In conclusion, therefore, the local packing association 

 may be described as a group of growers organized on strictly 

 democratic and cooperative principles for the purpose of 

 marketing citrus fruits and for no other purpose. Some 

 ia.ssociations are organized as non-profit corporations under 

 the new California law; many are organized as ordinary 

 stock corporations but limit the holding of stock to actual 



