AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS 197 



worth to the manufacturers fifty cents a pound, can be 

 obtained from one ton of lemons. These products are 

 chiefly used in connection with the manufacture of leather 

 and the printing of cloth. The Citrus Protective League 

 calculates that almost one-third of the Sicilian lemon crop 

 is manufactured into citrate of lime.° Incidentally, it is 

 estimated that enough sodium and potassium cyanide can 

 be obtained from the pulp after the juice is extracted to 

 supply the growers' needs for the purposes of fumigation. 

 No comment about the bottled juices is necessary, except 

 to mention that the use of orange juice as a beverage is 

 rapidly increasing. The uses of the candied peel and mar- 

 malade are also obvious. 



Ultimately the By-Products Company expects to manu- 

 facture all of these commodities, but at first it will devote 

 attention to the essential oils and citric acid. For these 

 products the raw material is lemons. In fact, as yet the 

 uses that can be made of small and off grade oranges are 

 extremely limited. This situation is not serious, as there 

 is at present much more need for an outlet for superfluous 

 lemons. The orange market can be enlarged by a con- 

 structive marketing policy, but the lemon market is quite 

 rigid. Comparatively small additional supplies above the 

 normal consumption make prices fall until the lemons will 

 not cover costs. 



It is just this situation that the Exchange By-Products 

 Company is organized to meet. When the market is firm 

 all merchantable fruit will be shipped, and only the culls 

 will be turned into by-products. But when market prices 

 become unremunerative the very small and the coarse fruit 

 will not be shipped. Such a policy will tend to improve 

 the market both by reducing the supplies available to dealers 

 and by improving the average quality of the stocks that 



^Citras Protective League: Bulletin No. 11, p. 33. 



