396 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



yet, but it is claimed that 75 per cent, of all the beef consumed in 

 Vienna, and a large part of that consumed in Paris, is of oxen of the 

 Podolian race. The cut shows the build of the animal, its color, and 

 peculi^^r horns. It is claimed that this race is a direct descendant of 

 the Bos primigenus. It is bred for meat alone, being unfit for draft 

 purposes and yielding but little milk — not more than one-fou'rth of other 

 races of its size. 



XVI.— The MtJBZTHALER Baoe. 



This race has also made but little progress into the interior of (Jer- 

 manyfhaving as yet penetrated no farther than the extreme south- 

 eastern parts of Bavaria. They are of gray color, somewhat heavier 

 than the Podolians, yield more milk, and represent a sort of connecting 

 link between the steppe and the mountain races. 



PEICES OP GERMAN CATTLE. 



The following are the prices of the different races of cattle herein de- 

 scribed in German marks — 1 mark equal to 24 cents — excepting the 

 Alb and Podolian races, of which I have been unable to ascertain the 

 price. The figures refer to specimens of from four to five years of age : 



CATTLE EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES. 



The Frankfort district, and indeed the entire Prussian province of 

 Hesse-Nassau, is a cattle-purchasing community, the number of cattle 

 bred falling very largely below the number consumed and needed. 

 Hence there is no export of cattle from this neighborhood. The freight 

 for cattle from this point to Antwerp would cost about $18 per car hold- 

 ing nine head, or $2 per head; attendance, feed, and other incidental 

 expenses would amount to about $4.50 per car, making 50 cents per 

 head ; in all, $2.50 per head to Antwerp. From that point the White 

 Star line of steamers to the United States charge £6, or $29.20, to New 

 York, making the total cost of transportation $31.70 per head. 



IMPROVEMENT OP CATTLE IN GERMANY. 



In conclusion it may be stated that the efforts of the farmers and cat- 

 tle-breeders of Germany to improve their stock have been as intelligent 

 as they have been persevering, and that the result of these efforts has 



