402 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



From the above tables it will seen that the number of slaughte^d 

 horses is steadily increasing. 



The following table gives an inside view into the movements of the 

 stock-yards from June 16, 1879, to October 1, 1883. 



Years. 



Grand 

 cattle- 



Hogs. 



Calves. 



Sheep. 



1879-'80 



]880-'81 



1881-'82 



18B2— '83 - • - • 



1883, from April 1 to October 1 



8,522 

 14. Ill 

 17, 386 

 20, 371 

 11, 904 



24, 216 

 36, 629 



35, 766 



36, 872 

 15, 456 



9,469 

 14, 312 

 16, 071 

 12, 732 



8,382 



14, 377 

 15, 021 

 16,088 

 12,300 

 7,571 



The average weight of the slaughtered animals is as follows: Of 

 oxen and steers enumerated in the first column of Exhibit II, 325 

 kilograms ; of cows iu the second column, 275 kilograms ; of cattle in 

 the third column, 175 kilograms; of neat 'cattle in fourth column, 75 

 kilograms; of calves in fifth column, 40 kilograms; of sheep in sixth 

 column 20 kilorgams; of hoa||in seventh column, 95 kilogram*. 



All animals slaughtered in^he Elberfeld municipal slaughter-house 

 are domestic ones, and nearly all of them are bought at the adjoining 

 stock-yards. • • 



From January to August fattened cattle are brought in by cattle- 

 dealers from the central stock-yards in Berlin, or directly from the 

 large farms in Silesia, Posen, East Prussia, and the landed estates 

 near Magdeburg. The trade in grass-fed cattle lasts from August to 

 January. During this period the market is not well frequented by 

 butchers, as they generally obtain their cattle from the cattle markets 

 in Schwelm, Westphalia, and IsTouss, Ehenish Province. The cattle 

 which are brought to the Elberfeld stock-yards during this period 

 come from Holstein, Oldenburg, Hanover, from the pastures on the 

 Euhr, and the Lower Ehine, and a small part from Holland. Most 

 of the cows and neat cattle are brought in from the provinces of West- 

 phalia and Hanover. Westphalia, Hanover, and Holland furnish most 

 of the calves. Sheep come from the central stock-yards in Berlin, and 

 from Westphalia and the Rhineland. Hogs are brought in from West- 

 phalia, Hanover, Holstein, and Mecklenburg. 



Thus it will be seen that the valley of the Wupper must be furnished 

 with live-stock for the dairy and the butcher from different parts of 

 Germany. 



PRICES OF. CATTLE. 



The price for slaughtering-cattle averages, for first quality, from $119 

 to $126.14; for second quality, from $107.10 to $114.24 ; for third qual- 

 ity, from $90.44 to $99.96; for fourth quality, from $76.10 to $80.92; for 

 cows of first quality, from $109.48 to $114.24; of second quality, from 

 $102.34 to $109.48; of third quality, from $90.44 to $97.58. 



It may be stated in this connection that in Germany and throughout 

 Europe cattle for slaughtering are not sold by the live weight, as it is 

 done in the United States. There is, however, a lively agitation going 

 on in England and on the continent to imitate the United States in this 

 respect and to introduce this rational and practical method. 



OATTLE-INSITRANCE COMPANIES. 



State and local cattle-insurance companies, both based, on terms of 

 reciprocity of their members, work hand in hand and alongside of each 



