892 CATTLE AND DAIEY FARMING. 



and generally turned forward and upward. The chest is not well de- 

 veloped; the body small; average weight of cows 650 to 800 pounds; 

 oxen reach 1,600 to 1,700 pounds. They are good milk givers, yielding 

 per year about 1,800 liters of milk, of which 10 pounds will make IJ 

 pounds of butter. 



IV.— The Friesdokp Eacb. 



The original home of this race is Middle Fra'nconia, in Bavaria, notably 

 the districts of Ansbach, Leutershausen, Feuchtwangen, Dinkelsbuhl, 

 Wassertrudingen, Grunzenhausen, and Herrieden, The race has become, 

 on account of its good points, one of the most favored of Germany. 

 They excel as draft and butcher animals. The head is strong and long; 

 chest broad and deep; back straight. The legs are high, yet strong. 

 The color is peculiar, being mainly a yellow-red, variegated after the 

 manner of the tiger. Of course, there are exceptions, such as black 

 and brown variegations; but such specimens are not considered desir- 

 able. The live weight of cows is 1 ,000 to 1,100 pounds, of oxen 1,300 

 to 1,800. Average cows yield 1,300 liters of milk per year; large ones, 

 weighing between 1,100 and 1,250 pounds, 2,000 liters. Sixteen liters 

 of milk yield a pound of butter. The calves are unusually large. The 

 principal market for draft oxen of this type is Ansbach. 



v.— The Alb Eaoe. 



This is one of the best milk-giving races of Germany. It is pre-emi- 

 nently the cow of the small farmer of Southern Germany, who looks to 

 the cow hot only for the milk to supply his house demand, but who 

 also puts her to the plow and wagon. It is a small type, scarcely ever 

 exceeding 800 pounds in weight and falling oiten below 650 pounds. 

 They thrive on scanty feed. Their color is yellowish-red. The calves 

 are usually very small. This race is now being improved by crossing 

 it with the Simmen thaler race. 



VI. — The Schwab Hall Eacb. 



This race is so called because for many decades it has been mainly 

 bred in the region of Schwabisch Hall. They are a rather heavy dark- 

 red to chestnut-brown, race, showing more or less white only about the 

 head. The cows weigh from 850 to 1,000 pounds, and the oxen from 

 1,750 to 1,900 pounds. The latter, on account of the strength and reg- 

 ularity of their limbs, are much sought as draft-animals, the more be- 

 cause they are easily fattened, when no longer fit for draft purposes 

 and furnish excellent meat. ' 



VII. — The Dutch Eace. 



This race is the leading representative of the lowland races, and is 

 mainly sought in the neighborhood of large cities, where the sale of 

 fresh milk is profitable. It can be found, however, in all parts of Iforth - 

 ern Germany, where feed is abundant. The finest and heaviest speci- 

 mens of this type are bred in the neighborhood of Leyden. The hea d ol 

 the Holland cattle is long, narrow, and light, with broad mouth and horns 

 always pointing forward, their black tips being usually turned upward 

 The long neck, with but indifferently developed dew-lap, frequontlv 

 shows a sWght depression on the ridge. Chest and back are broad anil 



